Howard i



H. l. MORRIS.

ARTICLE OF MANUFACTURE.

APPLlCATlON FILED SEPT 9,1916. 1,367,751. Patented Feb. 8,1921.

v l I h I I i I I I I 0 s s s s s s s g? x x Q Q 4 w m 4 6 4 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HOWARD I. MORRIS, OF SAN DIEGO. CALIFORNIA. ASSIGNOR TO THE SAVAGE TIRE COMPANY, OF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA.

ARTICLE OF MANUFACTURE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 8, 1921.

Application filed September 9, 1916. Serial No. 119,207.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Howann I. Momns, a citizen of the United States, residing at San Diego, in the county of San Diego and State of California, have invented a new and useful Improved Article of Manufacture, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved article of manufacture, and has for its object to provide a textile or other fabric with a bias weave, or in which the warp and weft threads are both angularly related to the longitudinal side edge of the fabric, as well as being angularly related each to the other. It is the principal object of the invention to provide such a fabric with the warp threads related to the weft threads at an angle of approximately 90 degrees, and with both the warp and weft threads related to the longitudinal side edge of the fabric at angles of less than 90 degrees; In referring to the warp and weft thread reference of course is made to the courses or units of warp thread and weft thread. such warp and weft threads being in usual practice applied in continuous lengths and inter-woven by a suitable loom, such as that disclosed and claimed in another application for Letters Patent, for looms, said application being filed by me in the United States Patent.

Oflice on September 9, 1916. and bearing Serial No. 119,208. In association with the warp courses and weft courses I preferably provide. as likewise disclosed in said heretofore mentioned application, selvage threads or selvage units which extend lengthwise of and at the side edges of the fabric, and are preferably independent as thread structures from the thread structures of the warp and weft courses, thus furnishing a stable anti-stretch selvage edge at each side edge of the fabric, which, as long as it remains associated with the warp and weft thread courses, will effectually prevent distortion of the bias fabric.

Many advantages in the arts of such bias fabric, or of a fabric with the warp and weft threads so inter-related and so related with respect to the selvage threads or the longitudinal side edges of the fabric, are set forth in said other application for Letters Patent. Likewise therein are set forth the objects of associating with such warp and weft thread courses, and so angularly related therewith, the selvage threads or units. One particular advantage of roviding the independent selvage threa s with such bias fabric, is that the fabric so organized may be rubberized or calendered, to produce a final fabric for incorporation in uilt-up pneumatic vehicle tires, without distortion or stretch, after which such selvage units are severed from the resultant material and the bias fabric material may then be laid in courses upon a suitable revolving core to build up the carcass of the tire, the bias formation permitting the fabric to be readily and effectivel stretched in all directions to conform t e fabric perfectly to the circumferential and transverse curvatures and the resultants thereof. If fabric is employed with the warp and weft courses disposed, as is customary, in substantiall rectangular inter-relation, and with the we courses related substantially rectangularly to the longitudinal side edges of the fabric, it is impossible to evenly and uniformly stretch and apply the fabric in building up such tire carcasses, and under other similar circumstances. For that reason it is customary to obliquely subdivide lengths of standard fabric and to piece or splice or overla or otherwise join together the ends of Sue necessarily relatively short lengthwise, to produce a total length of material sufficient for producing a tire carcass. This material has of course been suitably calendered 0r rubberized. These pieced or lapped together lengths of obliquely severed standard fabric produce a tire carcass in which lumps and uneven formations occur at and adjacent to the lines of junction, splicing or overlapping, and these tend to produce a failure of the tire. inasmuch as they invite breaking down of the fabric due to the variations in diameter resultant upon the occurrence of such unevennesses or lumps. So that in addition to the extra expense and labor incident to. producing the obliquely severed lengths of standard fabric and piecing them together, so as to obtain a tire carca s material that can be evenly stretched in all directions over the core, there is produced a tire-carcass of greatly diminished efficiency and increased liability of failure.

The present invention consists of a fabric so initially woven, in any length, that a true bias formation is produced, entirely eliminating all of the extra labor and expense at present caused by obliquely cutting up the standard fabric, and the fabric of the present invention may be laid on to the core in one continuous length or piece, without any seams, joints, splicings, overlaps or the like, such as occur today in standard practice and produce a tire carcass, as stated, of greatly decreased efficiency and greatly increased liability of failure. This adaptability of the bias fabric for the. more inexpensive production of a better tire carcass, is but one ofits features of superiority and but one of its many functions, and is only used as an illustration and for purposes of cross-refer ence tothe invention of other said'executed application covering a loom for weaving such fabric. The invention has for its object the provision of an improved fabric of the general nature and characteristics and capabilities set forth, which may be woven in many designs or patterns, and adapted to many conditions of use and service, and which will be generally superior in durability, strength, efficiency and serviceability.

With the above and other objects in view, the invention consists in the novel and useful formation, construction and organization of fabric, illl'fiS hereinafter described, shown in the drawing and finally pointed out in claims.

In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a planer face view of a portion of bias-woven fabric embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a similar view of a modified. biaswoven fabric embodying the invention, in which groups of two warp thread units are alternately oppositely displaced by the intervening weft thread units; and

Fig. 3 is a similar view of a still further modified bias-woven fabric embodying the invention, groups of two warp thread units being alternately oppositely displaced by in tervening groups of two weft thread units, the weft threadlunits being associated with the warp thread units preferably by providing two Weft threads for the weaving op eration. I p

. Corresponding parts andfeatures in all the figures are designated by the same reference characters.

It will be understood that many variations in design and weave of the fabric may be produced within the boundaries of the invention and as dictated by choice and preference or adaptability to varying conditions and environment of useand'service.

Referring with particularity to the drawing, ad and do designate selvage threads to which are applied warp thread units 56, which in the weaving operation are preferably looped or rove about the selvage threads, as at l, at each end of a given warp thread unit. or course, at the longitudinal side edges of the fabric, so that such selvage thread units extend lengthwise. of the fabric and ordinarily in parallel relation. These warp thread units, which may be woven from a single length of warp thread, range diagonally between the selvage thread units, and at an angle to each of the same of less than degrees. The weft thread units cc are shot or thrown between the warp thread units, which are relatively separated in alternately opposite directions either singly or in multiple for the reception of weft thread units applied either singly or in multiple, and a relation is established between the warp thread units and the weft thread units in angularity of approximately 90 degrees; such weft thread units likewise ranging relative to said selvage thread units at angles of less than 90 degrees. It will be understood that any suitable loom or means may be utilized to produce the fabric weaves disclosed in the drawing, and many others, within the spirit of the invention; and that said weaves may even be produced manually.

The selvage units cm are, as stated, preferably independent of the thread structures of both the warp and weft units, so as to constitute firm and stable and non-stretching reinforcements or fabric edged portions, which efectively prevent distortion of the fabric as long as associated with such warp and weft thread courses. It will be understood that such selvage edges or selvage units are preferably severed from the remaining portions of the fabric prior to certain uses of the fabric, as above pointed out, in connection with the art of tire making; the entire fabric and the entire selvage edge portions or units being subjected to the rubberizing or calendering processes or per"- formanc'esprior to such severing of the selvage units SO that the fabric can not become distorted or stretched while being so treated. After such treatment the'selvage units may be severed so that the completed or finished fabric may readily be incorporated into tire carcasses and the like and equally stretched in all directions to adapt the fabric to curvatures and resultants of curvatures. lit-will be understood that the bias-woven fabric maybe adapted to many and varied uses'and purposes because of its peculiar qualities and several advantages, and may be woven in any designs, patterns and forms, and produced in many manners by varied means, all without departing from a fair interpretation of the invention and the true'spirit thereof. 7

Having thus disclosed my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. As an improved article of manufacture, a bias-woven fibrous thread fabric provided with selvage edge portions; said selvage edge portions comprising thread units ranging longitudinally of the fabric, other continuous threads of the fabric structure being looped back and forth about said thread units of said selvage portions.

2. As an improved article of manufacture. a bias-woven fibrous thread fabric provide with selvage edge portions; said selvage edge portions comprising thread units ranging longitudinally of the fabric, and other continuous threads of the fabric structure being looped back and forth about said thread units of said selvage portions; said remaining portions of the fabric comprising warp thread units and weft thread units each related to said selvage edge portions at angles of less than 90 degrees.

3. As an improved article of manufacture, a bias-woven fibrous thread fabric provided with selvage edge portions; said selvage edge portions comprising thread units ranging longitudinally of the fabric, and other continuous threads of the fabric structure being looped back and forth about said thread units of said selvage portions; said remaining portions of the fabric comprising warp thread units and weft thread units each related to said selvage edge portions at angles of less than 90 degrees, and said warp thread units and said weft thread units being related to each other at an angle of approximately 90 degrees.

4. As an improved article of manufacture, a woven fibrous thread fabric comprising longitudinal selvage thread units, and continuous warp thread units looped back and forth about said selvage thread units; said warp thread units being separate elements from said selvage thread units and being related to said selvage thread units at angles less than 90 degrees.

5. As an improved article of manufacture, a woven fibrous thread fabric comprising longitudinal selvage thread units and continuous warp thread units looped back and forth about said selvage thread units; said warp thread units being separate elements from said selvage thread units and being related to said selvage thread units at angles less than 90 degrees; and weft thread units associated with said warp thread units and related thereto at an angle of approximately 90 degrees.

6. As an improved article of manufacture, a bias-woven fibrous thread fabric including longitudinally extending continuous selvage threads and diagonally extending warp and weft threads, one of the diagonal threads being looped around the selvage thread at each side of the fabric while the other dia onal thread terminates short of the se vage thread.

7. As an improved article of manufacture, a bias-woven fibrous thread fabric including longitudinally extending selvage threads, and continuous warp and weft threads extending diagonally between the selva e threads and formed in continuous lengt s which are looped back and forth, each of the selvage threads being engaged b the looped ends of one of the diagonal threads while the looped ends of the other diagonal threads terminate short thereof.

8. As an improved article of manufacture, a bias-woven fibrous thread fabric including longitudinally extending continuous selvage threads in combination with warp and weft threads which are in continuous lengths and looped back and forth between the selva threads, the loops of one of the said threa s engaging the selvage threads while the loops of the other of the said threads are not in engagement with the selva e threads.

In testimony whereof have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HOWARD I. MORRIS.

Witnesses L. J. CUNNIFF, CHAS. SPRECKELS. 

